Pre - Quantitative Methods

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Learning Modules

P - Interest Rates, Present Value, and Future Value

Go to P - Interest Rates, Present Value, and Future Value

• Introduction
• Interest Rates
• Future Value of a Single Cash Flow
• Non-Annual Compounding (Future Value)
• Continuous Compounding
  • Stated and Effective Rates
• Future Value of a Series of Cash Flows
  • Equal Cash Flows—Ordinary Annuity
  • Unequal Cash Flows
• Present Value of a Single Cash Flow
• Non-Annual Compounding (Present Value)
• Present Value of a Series of Equal and Unequal Cash Flows
  • The Present Value of a Series of Equal Cash Flows
  • The Present Value of a Series of Unequal Cash Flows
• Present Value of a Perpetuity
  • Present Values Indexed at Times Other than t = 0
• Solving for Interest Rates, Growth Rates, and Number of Periods
  • Solving for Interest Rates and Growth Rates
  • Solving for the Number of Periods
• Solving for Size of Annuity Payments
• Present and Future Value Equivalence and the Additivity Principle
  • The Cash Flow Additivity Principle

P - Organizing, Visualizing, and Describing Data

Go to P - Organizing, Visualizing, and Describing Data

• Introduction
• Data Types
  • Numerical versus Categorical Data
  • Cross-Sectional versus Time-Series versus Panel Data
  • Structured versus Unstructured Data
  • Data Summarization
• Organizing Data for Quantitative Analysis
• Summarizing Data Using Frequency Distributions
• Summarizing Data Using a Contingency Table
• Data Visualization
  • Histogram and Frequency Polygon
  • Bar Chart
  • Tree-Map
  • Word Cloud
  • Line Chart
  • Scatter Plot
  • Heat Map
  • Guide to Selecting among Visualization Types
• Measures of Central Tendency
  • The Arithmetic Mean
  • The Median
  • The Mode
  • Other Concepts of Mean
• Quantiles
  • Quartiles, Quintiles, Deciles, and Percentiles
  • Quantiles in Investment Practice
• Measures of Dispersion
  • The Range
  • The Mean Absolute Deviation
  • Sample Variance and Sample Standard Deviation
• Downside Deviation and Coefficient of Variation
  • Coefficient of Variation

P - Probability Concepts

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• Probability Concepts and Odds Ratios
  • Probability and Odds
• Conditional and Joint Probability
• Principles of Counting

P - Common Probability Distributions

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• Discrete Random Variables
  • Discrete Random Variables
• Discrete and Continuous Uniform Distribution
  • Continuous Uniform Distribution
• Binomial Distribution
• Normal Distribution
  • The Normal Distribution
  • Probabilities Using the Normal Distribution
  • Standardizing a Random Variable
  • Probabilities Using the Standard Normal Distribution
• Student’s t-, Chi-Square, and F-Distributions
  • Student’s t-Distribution
  • Chi-Square and F-Distribution

P - Sampling and Estimation

Go to P - Sampling and Estimation

• Introduction
• Point Estimates of the Population Mean
  • Point Estimators
• Confidence Intervals for the Population Mean and Sample Size Selection
  • Selection of Sample Size
• Sampling-Related Biases
  • Data Snooping Bias
  • Sample Selection Bias
  • Look-Ahead Bias
  • Time-Period Bias

P - Basics of Hypothesis Testing

Go to P - Basics of Hypothesis Testing

• Introduction
  • Why Hypothesis Testing?
  • Implications from a Sampling Distribution
• The Process of Hypothesis Testing
  • Stating the Hypotheses
  • Two-Sided vs. One-Sided Hypotheses
  • Selecting the Appropriate Hypotheses
• Identify the Appropriate Test Statistic
  • Test Statistics
  • Identifying the Distribution of the Test Statistic
• Specify the Level of Significance
• State the Decision Rule
  • Determining Critical Values
  • Decision Rules and Confidence Intervals
  • Collect the Data and Calculate the Test Statistic
• Make a Decision
  • Make a Statistical Decision
  • Make an Economic Decision
  • Statistically Significant but Not Economically Significant?
• The Role of p-Values
• Multiple Tests and Significance Interpretation
• Tests Concerning a Single Mean
• Test Concerning Differences between Means with Independent Samples
• Test Concerning Differences between Means with Dependent Samples
• Testing Concerning Tests of Variances
  • Tests of a Single Variance
  • Test Concerning the Equality of Two Variances (F-Test)